测试环境：
1      操作系统：Redhat Linux 5
[oracle@mzl proc]$ cat /proc/version
Linux version 2.6.18-8.el5 (brewbuilder@ls20-bc2-14.build.redhat.com) (gcc version 4.1.1 20070105 (Red Hat 4.1.1-52)) #1 SMP Fri Jan 26 14:15:21 EST 2007

2     数据库版本：Oracle10g
SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Prod
PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
CORE    10.2.0.1.0      Production
TNS Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

3     数据库的名字：orcl
SQL> show parameter db_name;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_name                              string      orcl

4    数据库的所有数据文件所在位置
SQL> select file#,status,enabled,name from v$datafile;

     FILE# STATUS  ENABLED    NAME
---------- ------- ---------- ------------------------------------------
         1 SYSTEM  READ WRITE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
         2 ONLINE  READ WRITE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
         3 ONLINE  READ WRITE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
         4 ONLINE  READ WRITE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
         5 ONLINE  READ WRITE /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf

5   控制文件的所在位置
SQL> select * from v$controlfile;

STATUS  NAME                                       IS_ BLOCK_SIZE FILE_SIZE_BLKS
------- ------------------------------------------ --- ---------- --------------
        /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl NO       16384            430
        /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl NO       16384            430
        /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl NO       16384            430

6    重做日志文件位置
SQL> col member format a45
SQL> l
  1* select * from v$logfile
SQL> /

    GROUP# STATUS  TYPE    MEMBER                                        IS_
---------- ------- ------- --------------------------------------------- ---
         3         ONLINE  /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log       NO
         2 STALE   ONLINE  /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log       NO
         1 STALE   ONLINE  /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log       NO

7      我在/home/mzl/BackupDatabase/目录下写个hotbak.sql脚本
 [oracle@mzl proc]$ vi /home/mzl/BackupDatabase/hotbak.sql
脚本内容如下：
#rem script.:hotbak.sql
#rem creater:mengzhaoliang
#rem data:2008/2/4
#rem desc:backup all database datafile in archive
#enter database
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus "/as sysdba" <<EOF
alter system archive log current;
#start
alter tablespace system begin backup;
!cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf /home/mzl/BackupDatabase/;
alter tablespace system end backup;

alter tablespace system begin backup;
!cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf /home/mzl/BackupDatabase/;
alter tablespace system end backup;

alter tablespace system begin backup;
!cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf /home/mzl/BackupDatabase/;
alter tablespace system end backup;

alter tablespace system begin backup;
!cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf /home/mzl/BackupDatabase/;
alter tablespace system end backup;

alter tablespace system begin backup;
!cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf /home/mzl/BackupDatabase/;
alter tablespace system end backup;

#backup control file
#binary
alter database backup controlfile to '/home/mzl/BackupDatabase/controlbinarybackup';

#ascii
alter database backup controlfile to trace;

alter system archive log current;

<<EOF




8      在linux启动一个终端执行该hotbak.sql脚本
[oracle@mzl BackupDatabase]$ ./hotbak.sql

        热备份完毕！


附上piner的说明：
说明：
1、热备份必须在数据库归档方式下才可以运行
2、以上脚本可以在数据库运行状态下备份数据库所有的数据文件（除了临时数据文件），没有必要备份联机日志。
3、归档日志至少需要一次完整备份之后的所有日志。
4、如果以上命令没有成功依次执行，那么备份也是无效的，如连接数据库不成功，那么备份则无效。