10月29日任务
10.19 iptables规则备份和恢复
10.20 firewalld的9个zone
10.21 firewalld关于zone的操作
10.22 firewalld关于service的操作
linux防火墙-netfilter
保存和备份iptables规则
service iptables save //会把规则保存到/etc/sysconfig/iptables
把iptables规则备份到my.ipt文件中
iptables-save > my.ipt
恢复刚才备份的规则
iptables-restore < my.ipt
linux防火墙-firewalled
打开firewalld
systemctl disable iptables
systemctl stop iptables
systemctl enable firewalld
systemctl start firewalld
firewalld默认有9个zone
默认zone为public
firewall-cmd --get-zones //查看所有zone
firewall-cmd --get-default-zone //查看默认zone
#关闭netfilter防火墙，开启firewalld防火墙。
[root@zgxlinux-01 ~]# systemctl disable iptables [root@zgxlinux-01 ~]# systemctl stop iptables [root@zgxlinux-01 ~]# system enable fierwalld -bash: system: 未找到命令 [root@zgxlinux-01 ~]# systemctl enable fierwalld Failed to execute operation: No such file or directory [root@zgxlinux-01 ~]# systemctl enable firewalld [root@zgxlinux-01 ~]# systemctl start firewalld [root@zgxlinux-01 ~]# iptables -nvL Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1041 77178 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED 0 0 ACCEPT all -- lo * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 83 7467 INPUT_direct all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 83 7467 INPUT_ZONES_SOURCE all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 83 7467 INPUT_ZONES all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 DROP all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ctstate INVALID 81 7323 REJECT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibitedChain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 0 0 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED 0 0 ACCEPT all -- lo * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 4482 376K FORWARD_direct all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 4482 376K FORWARD_IN_ZONES_SOURCE all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 4482 376K FORWARD_IN_ZONES all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 81 5892 FORWARD_OUT_ZONES_SOURCE all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 81 5892 FORWARD_OUT_ZONES all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 DROP all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ctstate INVALID 81 5892 REJECT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibitedChain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 321 packets, 37610 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 766 81456 OUTPUT_direct all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain FORWARD_IN_ZONES (1 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 0 0 FWDI_public all -- ens33 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 [goto] 4482 376K FWDI_public all -- + * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 [goto] Chain FORWARD_IN_ZONES_SOURCE (1 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain FORWARD_OUT_ZONES (1 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 0 0 FWDO_public all -- * ens33 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 [goto] 0 0 FWDO_public all -- * + 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 [goto] Chain FORWARD_OUT_ZONES_SOURCE (1 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain FORWARD_direct (1 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain FWDI_public (2 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 4482 376K FWDI_public_log all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 4482 376K FWDI_public_deny all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 4482 376K FWDI_public_allow all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 4401 370K ACCEPT icmp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain FWDI_public_allow (1 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain FWDI_public_deny (1 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain FWDI_public_log (1 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain FWDO_public (2 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 81 5892 FWDO_public_log all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 81 5892 FWDO_public_deny all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 81 5892 FWDO_public_allow all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain FWDO_public_allow (1 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain FWDO_public_deny (1 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain FWDO_public_log (1 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain INPUT_ZONES (1 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 76 6001 IN_public all -- ens33 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 [goto] 0 0 IN_public all -- + * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 [goto] Chain INPUT_ZONES_SOURCE (1 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain INPUT_direct (1 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain IN_public (2 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 83 7467 IN_public_log all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 83 7467 IN_public_deny all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 83 7467 IN_public_allow all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 ACCEPT icmp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain IN_public_allow (1 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 2 144 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:22 ctstate NEWChain IN_public_deny (1 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain IN_public_log (1 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain OUTPUT_direct (1 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
#查看firewalld的全部zone ,和查看默认的zone。
[root@zgxlinux-01 ~]# firewall-cmd --get-zones block dmz drop external home internal public trusted work [root@zgxlinux-01 ~]# firewall-cmd --get-default-zone public
10.21 firewalld关于zone的操作
firewall-cmd --set-default-zone=work //设定默认zone
firewall-cmd --get-zone-of-interface=ens33 //查指定网卡
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-interface=lo //给指定网卡设置zone
firewall-cmd --zone=dmz --change-interface=lo //针对网卡更改zone
firewall-cmd --zone=dmz --remove-interface=lo //针对网卡删除zone
firewall-cmd --get-active-zones //查看系统所有网卡所在的zone
10.22 firewalld关于service的操作
firewall-cmd --get-services 查看所有的services
firewall-cmd --list-services //查看当前zone有哪些service
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-service=http //把http增加到public zone下面
firewall-cmd --zone=public --remove-service=http
ls /usr/lib/firewall/zones/ //zone的配置文件模板
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-service=http --permanent //更改配置文件，之后会在/etc/firewalld/zones目录下面生成配置文件
需求 ：ftp服务自定义端口1121 ，需要在work zone下面放行ftp
cp /usr/lib/firewalld/services/ftp.xml /etc/firewalld/services
vi /etc/firewalld/services/ftp.xml //把21改为1121
cp /usr/lib/firewalld/zones/work.xml /etc/firewalld/zones/
vi /etc/firewalld/zones/work.xml //增加一行
<service name="ftp"/>
firewall-cmd --reload //重新加载
firewall-cmd --zone=work --list-services
