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RMAN备份ORACLE数据库脚本(包括全备与增量)
RMAN备份ORACLE数据库脚本(包括全备与增量)
2021-06-10
一个客户原来的ORACLE数据库没有上RMAN备份,平时都是使用的EXPDP来导数据做为备份,今天叫我给他们写一个脚本来实现每天的增量,一周做一次全备。
于是马上把原来把NBU自带的RMAN备份脚本拿出来改改。
下面是脚本内容,实现每周周末一天全备,其它的时候都是增量备份,备份完的归档自己删除。
注意其中的参数,因为环境不同需要做相应的修改。
[oracle@11rac1 ~]$ cat hot_rman_backup.sh #!/bin/sh # $Header: hot_database_backup.sh,v 1.3 2010/08/04 17:56:02 $ # # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # this script directory. # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- SHELL_HOME=/home/oracle # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Determine the time executing this script. # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- RMAN_DATA=`date '+%Y%m%d%H'` # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # test log directiry . If not, run the following lines. # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- if [ ! -d "$SHELL_HOME/log" ] then mkdir -p $SHELL_HOME/log fi # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Put output in <this file name>.out. Change as desired. # Note: output directory requires write permission. # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- RMAN_LOG_FILE=${SHELL_HOME}/log/hot_rman_backup_${RMAN_DATA}.out # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # You may want to delete the output file so that backup information does # not accumulate. If not, delete the following lines. # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- if [ -f "$RMAN_LOG_FILE" ] then rm -f "$RMAN_LOG_FILE" fi # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # rman p_w_picpath output directory. # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- RMAN_IMAGE_DIR=/home/oracle/rman echo "rman p_w_picpath output directory:${RMAN_IMAGE_DIR}">>$RMAN_LOG_FILE # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Log the start of this script. # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- echo Script $0 >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE echo ==== started on `date` ==== >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Replace /db/oracle/product/ora102, below, with the Oracle home path. # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 export ORACLE_HOME # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Replace ora102, below, with the Oracle SID of the target database. # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ORACLE_SID=power1 export ORACLE_SID # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Set the target connect string. # Replace "sys/manager", below, with the target connect string. # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- TARGET_CONNECT_STR=sys/manager # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Set the Oracle Recovery Manager name. # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- RMAN=$ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Print out the value of the variables set by this script. # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE echo "RMAN: $RMAN" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE echo "ORACLE_SID: $ORACLE_SID" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE echo "ORACLE_USER: $ORACLE_USER" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE echo "ORACLE_HOME: $ORACLE_HOME" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Print out the value of the variables set by bphdb. # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: This script assumes that the database is properly opened. If desired, # this would be the place to verify that. # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # If this script is executed from a NetBackup schedule, NetBackup # sets an NB_ORA environment variable based on the schedule type. # The NB_ORA variable is then used to dynamically set BACKUP_TYPE # For example, when: # schedule type is BACKUP_TYPE is # ---------------- -------------- # Automatic Full INCREMENTAL LEVEL=0 # Automatic Differential Incremental INCREMENTAL LEVEL=1 # Automatic Cumulative Incremental INCREMENTAL LEVEL=1 CUMULATIVE # # For user initiated backups, BACKUP_TYPE defaults to incremental # level 0 (full). To change the default for a user initiated # backup to incremental or incremental cumulative, uncomment # one of the following two lines. # BACKUP_TYPE="INCREMENTAL LEVEL=1" # BACKUP_TYPE="INCREMENTAL LEVEL=1 CUMULATIVE" # # Note that we use incremental level 0 to specify full backups. # That is because, although they are identical in content, only # the incremental level 0 backup can have incremental backups of # level > 0 applied to it. # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- INCR_DATA=`date '+%A'` if [ "$INCR_DATA" = "Sunday" ] then echo "Full backup requested" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE BACKUP_TYPE="INCREMENTAL LEVEL=0" else echo "Differential incremental backup requested" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE BACKUP_TYPE="INCREMENTAL LEVEL=1" #elif [ "$NB_ORA_CINC" = "1" ] #then # echo "Cumulative incremental backup requested" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE # BACKUP_TYPE="INCREMENTAL LEVEL=1 CUMULATIVE" # #elif [ "$BACKUP_TYPE" = "" ] #then # echo "Default - Full backup requested" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE # BACKUP_TYPE="INCREMENTAL LEVEL=0" fi echo "BACKUP_TYPE">> $RMAN_LOG_FILE echo ${BACKUP_TYPE} >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Call Recovery Manager to initiate the backup. This example does not use a # Recovery Catalog. If you choose to use one, replace the option 'nocatalog' # from the rman command line below with the # 'catalog <userid>/<passwd>@<net service name>' statement. # # Note: Any environment variables needed at run time by RMAN # must be set and exported within the switch user (su) command. # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Backs up the whole database. This backup is part of the incremental # strategy (this means it can have incremental backups of levels > 0 # applied to it). # # We do not need to explicitly request the control file to be included # in this backup, as it is automatically included each time file 1 of # the system tablespace is backed up (the inference: as it is a whole # database backup, file 1 of the system tablespace will be backed up, # hence the controlfile will also be included automatically). # # Typically, a level 0 backup would be done at least once a week. # # The scenario assumes: # o you are backing your database up to two tape drives # o you want each backup set to include a maximum of 5 files # o you wish to include offline datafiles, and read-only tablespaces, # in the backup # o you want the backup to continue if any files are inaccessible. # o you are not using a Recovery Catalog # o you are explicitly backing up the control file. Since you are # specifying nocatalog, the controlfile backup that occurs # automatically as the result of backing up the system file is # not sufficient; it will not contain records for the backup that # is currently in progress. # o you want to archive the current log, back up all the # archive logs using two channels, putting a maximum of 20 logs # in a backup set, and deleting them once the backup is complete. # # Note that the format string is constructed to guarantee uniqueness and # to enhance NetBackup for Oracle backup and restore performance. # # # NOTE WHEN USING NET SERVICE NAME: When connecting to a database # using a net service name, you must use a send command or a parms operand to # specify environment variables. In other words, when accessing a database # through a listener, the environment variables set at the system level are not # visible when RMAN is running. For more information on the environment # variables, please refer to the NetBackup for Oracle Admin. Guide. # # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_HOME export ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID=$ORACLE_SID export ORACLE_SID $RMAN target $TARGET_CONNECT_STR nocatalog msglog $RMAN_LOG_FILE append << EOF RUN { ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch00 TYPE DISK; ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch01 TYPE DISK; # crosscheck archivelog CROSSCHECK ARCHIVELOG ALL; # crosscheck backup p_w_picpath CROSSCHECK BACKUP; #DELETE OBSOLETE BACKUP IMAGE DELETE NOPROMPT OBSOLETE; #DELETE EXPIRED BACKUP IMAGE DELETE NOPROMPT EXPIRED BACKUP; BACKUP $BACKUP_TYPE SKIP INACCESSIBLE TAG hot_db_bk_level0 FILESPERSET 2 # recommended format FORMAT '${RMAN_IMAGE_DIR}/bk_%s_%p_%t' DATABASE; sql 'alter system archive log current'; RELEASE CHANNEL ch00; RELEASE CHANNEL ch01; # backup all archive logs ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch00 TYPE DISK; ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch01 TYPE DISK; BACKUP filesperset 20 FORMAT '${RMAN_IMAGE_DIR}/al_%s_%p_%t' ARCHIVELOG ALL DELETE INPUT; RELEASE CHANNEL ch00; RELEASE CHANNEL ch01; # # Note: During the process of backing up the database, RMAN also backs up the # control file. This version of the control file does not contain the # information about the current backup because "nocatalog" has been specified. # To include the information about the current backup, the control file should # be backed up as the last step of the RMAN section. This step would not be # necessary if we were using a recovery catalog or auto control file backups. # ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch00 TYPE DISK; BACKUP # recommended format FORMAT '${RMAN_IMAGE_DIR}/cntrl_%s_%p_%t' CURRENT CONTROLFILE; RELEASE CHANNEL ch00; } exit EOF # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Print date to logfile # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- echo Script $0 >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE echo ==== end on `date` ==== >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE echo >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE
把脚本增加到crontab中
[oracle@11rac1 ~]$ crontab -l
1 3 * * * ksh /home/oracle/hot_rman_backup.sh >>/home/oracle/log/hot_rman_backup_crontab_`date "+\%Y\%m\%d\%H\%M"`.log 2>&1
每天早上的3点进行备份,另外我们还需要的就是在RMAN中配置备份的保留时间与controlfile与spfile的自己备份。
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